TLE & SGP4

A TLE (Two-Line Element set) is a compact, standardized encoding of a satellite's orbit at a moment in time, and SGP4 is the propagation model that turns a TLE into the satellite's position and velocity at any future time.

How prediction works

Pass prediction starts from the most recent TLE for each satellite (published by sources such as Space-Track and CelesTrak) and uses the SGP4 model to propagate the orbit forward. From the propagated positions it computes ground tracks, look angles, and the times a satellite can see an area.

TLE accuracy degrades over days as the real orbit drifts from the modelled one, so fresh TLEs matter: a stale element set produces inaccurate passes. PassPrediction refreshes its catalog on a strict schedule to keep predictions reliable.

Frequently asked questions

What is a TLE?

A Two-Line Element set is a standardized two-line text encoding of a satellite's orbital elements at a specific epoch, used as the input to orbit-propagation models like SGP4.

Why do TLEs need to be refreshed?

The real orbit drifts from the modelled one due to drag and perturbations, so a TLE loses accuracy over days; fresh TLEs keep propagated positions and pass predictions accurate.

Related

Plan a real acquisition over your area on the interactive map, browse the satellite catalog, or read the tasking guides.